Echinacea, vitamin C and zinc have been variously touted as a treatment for colds and flu.
- According to a 2009 Cochrane Review, there's some evidence echinacea preparations derived from the species Echinacea purpurea might be effective for the early treatment of colds in adults (although the results aren't consistent). Evidence for the effectiveness of other echinacea preparations is weak.
- There's not much support for vitamin C supplements. Regular intake of vitamin C may reduce the risk of catching a cold for people under physical stress – such as high performance athletes – but it won't ward off colds for most people.
- Zinc appears to hold more promise. A 2011 Cochrane Review concluded that zinc was beneficial in reducing the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people when it was taken within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. But the review concluded there was insufficient evidence for making any firm recommendations about dosage.
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