Frequently asked questions

What difference does the SPF make?

"SPF" stands for "sun protection factor". It's a measure of protection against mainly UVB rays, the ones that cause sunburn. The higher the SPF number, the greater the protection - up to 50+.

Above SPF 50+ the additional protection is very small. In fact, high SPF values are a problem. Studies have shown that people use them to stay out longer in the sun, using sunburn as a warning to take cover. During this time you can receive large doses of UVA radiation.

The current Australian/New Zealand standard limits SPF claims to 30+. Other international standards limit them to 50+.

What does "broad spectrum" mean?

Broad spectrum sunscreens protect against UVA and UVB radiation. Both contribute to premature skin ageing, damage to the immune system and skin cancer.

UVA radiation penetrates deep into the skin layer; it's dangerous because there's no immediate warning sign (such as the sunburn caused by UVB rays).

Why do I need to look for a standard?

Testing the sunscreen by an accepted method shows whether it'll provide the protection it claims. Australia, the US, Britain and the EU have regulations that set standards for the formulation, testing, performance and labelling of sunscreens.

Sunscreens manufactured in Australia might not carry a standards label as all Australian sunscreens must comply with the joint Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2604:1998.

US manufacturers will have to comply with the proposed Federal Drug Administration regulations once these are published.

New Zealand has no requirements for sunscreens. Manufacturers here don't have to back up their claims with test evidence or meet labelling requirements.

We've said before that sunscreens should be classified as a therapeutic product and that there should be mandatory compliance with a recognised standard. The Ministry of Health is now considering a revised Therapeutic Products and Medicines Bill. We strongly recommend it requires sunscreens to comply with a standard

Will the sunscreen protect me all day?

No - sunscreen can be sweated, washed or rubbed off, the chemicals may break down over time, and people simply don't apply enough (see Getting the coverage right). You should reapply sunscreen every two hours.

Does having a tan mean you don't need as much sunscreen?

No. A tan is a sign that skin damage has already started. Any further UV radiation will only add to the damage, resulting in wrinkled leathery skin and possibly skin cancer later in life.

Do I need a special sunscreen for my child?

Proper protection from the sun is more important during childhood than at any other time in life. Childhood and teenage sunburn is a high-risk factor for developing melanoma.

Sunscreens that are specially formulated for children have a mild base designed especially for their sensitive skin. But there's no reason why children shouldn't use the family sunscreen, provided it doesn't irritate their skin. Test a small amount on the inside of their forearm first.

Keep babies and toddlers out of the sun as much as possible. The best protection for them is staying in the shade and using cover-up clothing - as it is for everybody.