Overall score includes:

• Performance (60% of overall score): We cook pancakes to assess the evenness of cooking (50% of the Performance score) and non-stick-ability (50%). (Note: For products from our previous test, scores are not displayed for Evenness and Non-stick-ability. These scores are equally weighted within the Performance score).

• Durability (30%): A mechanical arm scrubs each frying pan 10,000 times and the damage is recorded.

• Ease of use (10%): As well as assessing how easy the pan is to clean, we consider if it’s also balanced, with a comfortable handle.

We also check the flatness of each pan’s base. If the base turns concave (like a wine bottle base) when it’s heated, the food could run to the sides of the pan.

Price is based on a May 2020 survey.