By Vanessa Pratley
Investigative Journalist | Kaipūrongo Whakatewhatewha
Are claims that a puffer jacket can keep you warm and help the planet too good to be true?
Kathmandu has pulled an advertisement for its $600 “biodegradable” BioDown puffer jacket following a complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). The TV ad showed a timelapse of the jacket lying on top of a pile of rubbish and breaking down over time. Alongside this visual was a voiceover which said “biodegrades in here”.
The complainant said the ad was misleading because it gave the impression the jacket would biodegrade in a regular landfill environment. They pointed out that the fine print at the bottom of the ad said the jacket could only biodegrade in a biologically active, anaerobic landfill environment.
The ASA chair accepted the complaint to be referred to the Complaints Board to decide whether advertising standards had been breached. However, Kathmandu settled the claim before it was heard.
Kathmandu said: “While we categorically disagree with the complaint and without any admission of liability or fault, Kathmandu wishes to settle the complaint. Kathmandu has removed the advertisement and undertakes that it will not use the advertisement again in New Zealand.”
Does the BioDown jacket biodegrade?
Even though the ad has been removed, confusion remains over whether the jacket actually biodegrades. Kathmandu backs up its claims with results from its own scientific testing. It tested the jacket using the ASTM D5511 method, which can determine the extent of biodegradation of plastic materials in an anaerobic environment. Kathmandu provides the test results on its website and suggests the test was conducted under landfill conditions. But WasteMINZ, the largest representative authority on waste management in New Zealand, said that this isn’t the case.
Kathmandu’s BioDown jacket
Carole Smith, from WasteMINZ’s Disposal to Land Sector Group steering committee, said the test would likely have been done under controlled, optimised conditions in a laboratory rather than in a landfill. The testing conditions may not reflect the reality facing most household waste in New Zealand. Waste tends to be thrown in a wheelie bin and end up in a landfill which, unlike the test, is an environment exposed to many variables and isn’t always optimal for biodegradation.
“The test results are unlikely to be completely representative of the behaviour of the material in a typical New Zealand landfill,” Smith said.
Ultimately, the jacket might not actually biodegrade in the way that Kathmandu claims it will. This would depend on how the jacket is disposed of and the conditions of the landfill it ends up in.
A spokesperson for Kathmandu said “we’re proud of our innovation in this space and the talented team that have worked tirelessly to create this product”.
So, is Kathmandu greenwashing?
We think the advertising of Kathmandu’s BioDown jacket is misleading consumers about its environmental impact. Testing aside, the shell of the jacket is made of nylon, a plastic, combined with a “special additive” that makes it biodegradable. Kathmandu doesn’t disclose what this additive is, or what its environmental impacts are.
The biodegradation of plastic produces some methane, a greenhouse gas, as well as carbon dioxide, hydrogen and ammonia. Smith said that even if it does biodegrade after being thrown away, it is unlikely to reduce the overall mass in a landfill.
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